求翻译：2>进行自学前的指导英语语法是一项抽象而枯燥的学习内容。因此，在学生自学之前，教师要采取有效的手段激发学生的学习兴趣与信心。同时要提出明确的学习要求，即对所集中语法的学习内容、要求程度、学习时间、学习效果评价等一一做出明确的要求，同时要对自学中的学习方法做好必要、及时的指导。自学要求可随着语法项目的自身特点由浅入深、由易到难、由特殊到一般地分步出示，从而有效地帮助学生逐步树立起自学好每一步的信心。同时，自学要求的设计要注重新旧知识的联系，引导学生利用好已学知识的正迁移效应。是什么意思？

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2> self-learning guide before the English grammar is an abstract and boring learning content. Therefore, the students' self-learning, teachers have to take an effective means of stimulating students' interest in learning and confidence. While it is necessary to make clear the requirements for stu

2 > before proceeding to the self-study guide is an abstract and boring English grammar learning content. Therefore, before the students ' self-learning, teachers should adopt effective measures to stimulate students ' interest in learning and confidence. While explicit learning requirements, nam