求翻译：二、预防车辆漏油措施 １．重视衬垫作用。汽车静置部位（如各接合端面、各端盖、壳体、罩垫、平面珐琅盖板等）零部件之间的衬垫起着防漏密封作用。若在材料、制作质量及安装上不符合技术规范，就起不到密封防漏作用，甚至发生事故。如油底壳或气门罩盖，由于接触面积大而不易压实，由此造成漏油。? ２．车上各类紧固螺母都需按规定的扭矩拧紧。过松压不紧衬垫会渗漏；过紧又会使螺孔周围金属凸起或将丝扣拧滑而引起漏油。另外，油底壳放油螺塞若未拧紧或回松脱落，容易造成机油流失，继而发生“烧瓦抱轴”的机损事故。? ３．及时更换失效油封。车上很多动置部位（如油封、Ｏ型圈）会因安装不妥，轴颈与油封刃口不同心，偏摆而甩油。有些油封使用过久会因橡胶老化而失去弹性。发现渗漏应及时更新。? ４．避免单向阀、通气阀堵死。由此引起箱壳内温度升高，油气充满整个空间、排放不出去，使箱壳内压力升高润滑油消耗增加和更换周期缩短。发动机通气系统堵塞后，增加了活塞的运动阻力，使油耗增加。由于箱壳内外气压差的作用，往往会引起密封薄弱处漏油。因此需对车辆进行定期检查、疏通、清洗。? ５．妥善解决各类油管接头密封。车用联管螺母经常拆装，容易滑丝断扣而松脱，会引起渗油。更换联管螺母，用研磨法解决其锥面密封，使螺母压紧而解决密封。? ６．避免轮毂甩油。轮毂轴承及腔内润滑油脂过多，或其油封装配不妥，质量不良及老化失效；制动频繁引起的轮毂温度过高；车轴螺母松动等都会引起轮毂甩油。因此要用“空腔润滑法（即适量润滑）”，疏通通气孔。是什么意思？

Second, the prevention of oil leakage in vehicle measures 1. Importance to the cushioning effect. Auto static parts (such as all jointing face, cover, mat, flat enamel cover shell, hood) liner play a leakproof seal between parts. If on the quality of materials, fabrication and installation does not meet the technical specifications, would remain sealed leak-proof, and even accidents. As the oil pan, or valve cover, not easily compacting because of a larger contact area, the resulting oil spills.? 2. Vehicles are required by the provisions of the various types of fastening nut torque tighten. Too loose loose gasket leakage; too tight, your metal around the hole raised or sliding the thread twists caused by oil spills. In addition, oil sump oil drain screw not tightened or loose particles from the easily lead to loss of engine oil, followed by "Bush burning axle" engine damage of.? 3. Replacing a failed oil seals in a timely manner. Many fixed reset of the car parts (such as seals, O-rings) will install wrong journal with the blade of the seal is not concentric, tilting and the oil. Some oil seals used for too long will be lost due to ageing of rubber elasticity. Discover leakage should be kept up to date.? 4. Avoid the trap, vent valve blocked. Resulting high temperature inside the box, hydrocarbon emissions does not fill the space, so elevated pressure in the tank shell lubricating oil consumption increased, and shortening the replacement cycle. Engines after blocking the ventilation system, increased resistance to motion of the piston, to increase the fuel consumption. Role of internal and external air pressure difference due to the tank shell, weak tends to seal oil leak. Therefore need regular checks on vehicles, dredging, cleaning.? 5. Properly settle the oil pipe joint seals. Union nut for vehicle often removable, easily loose broken sliding buckle, can cause oil leakage. Replacing the Union nut, seal its cone grinding method, making nut clamping and solve the sealed.? 6. Avoid wheel oil. Too many intra-wheel bearing and grease, or its oil seal Assembly inappropriate, poor quality and aging failure; wheel of braking due to frequent temperature is too high; loose will cause wheel axle nut oil. So you want to use "cavity lubrication method (that is, adequate lubrication)", dredge the ventilation holes.