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关注:1 2013-05-23 12:21

求翻译:In the words of Fritz Schulz,"by the fourth century things had changed in the eastern Empire: advocatesnow were really lawyers." For example, by the fourth century, advocateshad to be enrolled on the bar of a court to argue before it, they could only beattached to one court at a time, and there were restrictions (which came andwent depending upon who was emperor) on how many advocates could be enrolled ata particular court.[190] By the 380s, advocates were studying law in additionto rhetoric (thus reducing the need for a separate class of jurisconsults); in460, Emperor Leo imposed a requirement that new advocates seeking admission hadto produce testimonials from their teachers; and by the sixth century, aregular course of legal study lasting about four years was required foradmission. Claudius's fee ceiling lasted all the way into the Byzantine period,though by then it was measured at 100 solidi.[192] Of course, it was widelyevaded, either through demands for maintenance and expenses or a sub rosabarter transaction. The latter was cause for disbarment.是什么意思?

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In the words of Fritz Schulz,"by the fourth century things had changed in the eastern Empire: advocatesnow were really lawyers." For example, by the fourth century, advocateshad to be enrolled on the bar of a court to argue before it, they could only beattached to one court at a time, and there were restrictions (which came andwent depending upon who was emperor) on how many advocates could be enrolled ata particular court.[190] By the 380s, advocates were studying law in additionto rhetoric (thus reducing the need for a separate class of jurisconsults); in460, Emperor Leo imposed a requirement that new advocates seeking admission hadto produce testimonials from their teachers; and by the sixth century, aregular course of legal study lasting about four years was required foradmission. Claudius's fee ceiling lasted all the way into the Byzantine period,though by then it was measured at 100 solidi.[192] Of course, it was widelyevaded, either through demands for maintenance and expenses or a sub rosabarter transaction. The latter was cause for disbarment.
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2013-05-23 12:26:38
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