求翻译：就业指导由来已久，迄今为止，已有近百年的历史阶段，各国对职业指导涵义的解释也不尽相同。在英美国家和加拿大叫职业指导，在法国称为方向指导，在日本叫出路指导，原苏联则称为职业定向教育。在我国大陆，《中国教育百科全书》中的解释是：“职业指导，亦称职业咨询或就业指导，指根据社会职业需要针对人们的个人特点以及社会与家庭环境等条件，引导他们较为恰当地确定职业方向、选择劳动岗位或者转到新的职业领域的社会活动，是沟通求职者和用人单位、教育部门和社会的有效途径”。一般说来，大家比较认可的是美国全国职业指导协会对职业指导所下的定义：“职业指导，它是帮助学生选择职业的过程，是为就业做准备的过程，也是在任职中求得发展的过程。[1]”这种解释是把职业指导看作是个“过程”，而不是一时一事的临时性措施。从目前的文献看来，我国学者所用的“职业指导”、“就业指导”、“生涯指导”等概念，基本上是由国外的“occupation guidance”、“placement guidance”、“vocational guidance”、“employment guidance”、“career是什么意思？

Employment guiding for a long time, so far, nearly a century of history, States the interpretation of the meaning of vocational guidance vary. In British and American countries and Canada called vocational guidance, in France called the guidance, in Japan called way out guidance is known as the former Soviet Union career oriented education. In China mainland, China education encyclopedia under in the of explained is: "career guidance, also said career advisory or employment guidance, means under social career need for people of personal features and social and family environment, conditions, boot they more appropriate to determine career direction, and select labor post or go to new of career field of social activities, is communication job seekers who and employing units, and education sector and social of effective way". In General, we recognized that we are United States National Association of vocational guidance on the definition of vocational guidance: "career guidance, it is a process to help students select a career, is the process of preparation for employment, are also evaluated in Office development process. [1] "such an interpretation is vocational guidance is seen as a" process ", rather than a temporary measure. From the current literature, Chinese researchers used "career guidance", "job Guide", "career guidance" and other concepts, is basically from abroad "occupation guidance", "placement guidance," "vocational guidance", "employment guidance", "career