求翻译：The advantages and disadvantages of large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argues that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller populating. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facility such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.是什么意思？

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